Union Membership by State
Share of employed wage and salary workers who are union members or covered by a union contract, 2025 annual averages, from the Current Population Survey.
- U.S. union membership rate
- 10.0%
- 2025
- Union members
- 14.7 million
- Highest
- 24.8%
- Hawaii
- Lowest
- 2.3%
- South Dakota
Union membership rate by state, 2025
States ranked by union membership
Swipe the table sideways to see more columns.
| # | State | Members | Represented | Union members |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hawaii | 24.8% | 26.0% | 145,000 |
| 2 | New York | 21.3% | 22.5% | 1.83 million |
| 3 | Alaska | 18.1% | 20.7% | 57,000 |
| 4 | Washington | 18.0% | 19.4% | 632,000 |
| 5 | Connecticut | 16.1% | 17.2% | 266,000 |
| 6 | Rhode Island | 16.1% | 17.5% | 82,000 |
| 7 | Oregon | 15.1% | 16.9% | 283,000 |
| 8 | California | 14.9% | 16.7% | 2.49 million |
| 9 | New Jersey | 14.7% | 16.1% | 612,000 |
| 10 | Massachusetts | 14.5% | 15.4% | 498,000 |
| 11 | Minnesota | 14.1% | 15.8% | 386,000 |
| 12 | Illinois | 13.1% | 14.0% | 758,000 |
| 13 | Vermont | 13.1% | 14.8% | 38,000 |
| 14 | Michigan | 13.0% | 14.2% | 566,000 |
| 15 | Nevada | 13.0% | 14.3% | 189,000 |
| 16 | Maryland | 12.7% | 15.0% | 346,000 |
| 17 | Maine | 11.9% | 14.1% | 71,000 |
| 18 | Ohio | 11.6% | 12.8% | 605,000 |
| 19 | Montana | 11.2% | 12.3% | 53,000 |
| 20 | Pennsylvania | 10.9% | 11.7% | 620,000 |
| 21 | Delaware | 10.4% | 11.5% | 47,000 |
| 22 | Missouri | 9.8% | 11.2% | 271,000 |
| 23 | District of Columbia | 9.2% | 10.7% | 34,000 |
| 24 | Kentucky | 8.9% | 10.5% | 157,000 |
| 25 | New Hampshire | 8.9% | 9.9% | 60,000 |
| 26 | West Virginia | 8.5% | 9.1% | 60,000 |
| 27 | Indiana | 8.3% | 9.6% | 260,000 |
| 28 | Iowa | 6.8% | 8.2% | 101,000 |
| 29 | Nebraska | 6.6% | 8.5% | 64,000 |
| 30 | Wisconsin | 6.4% | 7.5% | 173,000 |
| 31 | Alabama | 6.3% | 7.2% | 131,000 |
| 32 | Kansas | 6.2% | 9.0% | 84,000 |
| 33 | New Mexico | 6.1% | 7.9% | 52,000 |
| 34 | Oklahoma | 6.1% | 7.3% | 106,000 |
| 35 | North Dakota | 6.0% | 7.4% | 23,000 |
| 36 | Wyoming | 6.0% | 7.2% | 14,000 |
| 37 | Colorado | 5.9% | 6.7% | 161,000 |
| 38 | Florida | 5.4% | 6.2% | 503,000 |
| 39 | Virginia | 5.4% | 6.4% | 204,000 |
| 40 | Georgia | 5.1% | 6.1% | 236,000 |
| 41 | Texas | 4.9% | 5.8% | 673,000 |
| 42 | Tennessee | 4.8% | 5.7% | 145,000 |
| 43 | Louisiana | 4.4% | 5.5% | 79,000 |
| 44 | Mississippi | 4.2% | 7.3% | 47,000 |
| 45 | Arizona | 4.1% | 4.5% | 132,000 |
| 46 | Idaho | 4.1% | 5.3% | 36,000 |
| 47 | Utah | 3.8% | 7.8% | 61,000 |
| 48 | Arkansas | 2.8% | 3.5% | 36,000 |
| 49 | South Carolina | 2.7% | 4.1% | 63,000 |
| 50 | North Carolina | 2.5% | 3.1% | 113,000 |
| 51 | South Dakota | 2.3% | 3.1% | 10,000 |
U.S. union membership rate over time
Union members as a share of employed wage and salary workers
Show as a table
| Period | United States |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 10.0% |
| 2024 | 9.9% |
| 2023 | 10.0% |
| 2022 | 10.1% |
| 2021 | 10.3% |
| 2020 | 10.8% |
| 2019 | 10.3% |
| 2018 | 10.5% |
| 2017 | 10.7% |
| 2016 | 10.7% |
| 2015 | 11.1% |
| 2014 | 11.1% |
| 2013 | 11.3% |
| 2012 | 11.3% |
| 2011 | 11.8% |
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between union members and represented workers?
- Union members belong to a labor union. Represented workers include members plus workers who are not members but whose jobs are covered by a union contract.
- Which state has the highest union membership?
- Hawaii had the highest union membership rate in 2025 at 24.8%.